Latin America needs public intervention to promote entrepreneurship in order to improve the quality of life and, in the long term, to make viable the possibilities of growth and economic and social development . This document compiles and analyses the main experiences and initiatives implemented to promote the participation of women and girls in the STEM sector. This study is an analytical and comparative document that includes the main experiences and initiatives implemented in the Latin American region to encourage the participation of women and girls in the STEM sector. The primary objectives of this study are to identify, contextualise, and analyse successful practices and initiatives at national http://mgt2.pnu.ac.th/6160704004/wp/2504/ and international levels for attracting, training, and promoting the participation of women and girls in STEM. The study systematises and compares policies and initiatives focused on gender equality in STEM. This list is by no means exhaustive, and further figures like Rosario Castellanos of Mexico and Celia Amorós of Spain should not be forgotten as they influenced the positions developed by these thinkers. All of these women dared to be thinkers at times when being a Latin American woman in philosophy was unheard of, and they have come to form the foundation of a canon of thinkers that paved the way for new and emerging voices.

• ECLAC member States adopted the Regional Gender Agenda which constitutes a progressive, innovative, and forward-looking road map to guarantee the rights of women in all their diversity and to promote gender equality.
• The public instruments to support entrepreneurship in Latin America are heterogeneous and characterized by distinct paths and progresses.
• Action should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.
• Unfortunately, the impact of COVID-19 — which has had a particularly devastating toll on people of color — threatens to reverse this trend and widen educational and economic inequality in this country.
• Latin American feminisms, much like Latin American philosophy, have shown concern over the authenticity of ideas that have traveled from epistemic centers (e.g., the United States, Europe).

The study found that participants in public programs had increases in sales, production per worker, wages, and employment in their companies. At the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing , the platform for action with respect to women’s equality and empowerment was defined. It changed the legal frameworks and created institutions oriented to develop and promote gender equality in several countries. A fundamental aspect for business development is access to financing, which can influence the success of new and growing women-owned businesses . In the financial system, the role of institutions is to capture resources from family savings and then, through credit, allocate them to investment projects and business and family initiatives. In this sense, the financial system is related to the economic progress of developing countries because it stimulates savings, capital accumulation, and a better allocation of resources or productive efficiency . Concerning female work activity in Latin America, the percentage of women who own a business is 2.8%, which represents less than half the percentage of male business owners .

Aidis, Weeks, and Anacker indicate that this may be reflected in equal legal rights, access to education, networking, technology, and capital. Institutional support is related to financing, governmental regulation, market opportunities, skilled labor, and connections to resource holders . In relation to institutionalism, there are international agreements to promote equity in different economic aspects; in spite of this, women entrepreneurs are not included in the agendas of Latin American countries. In this region, the process is still in progress; nevertheless, there are important achievements, such as the constitution of ministries of women, although at present not all countries in the region have ministries for women. In addition, there are various initiatives of plans or policies that address women entrepreneurship.

As a result, attention to class dimensions has long been part of the feminist methodology. Contemporary theories from the work of Afro-descended women have argued that the overwhelming attention paid to class has come at the expense of analyzing the role that racism has played in the marginalization and exclusion of African-descended and Indigenous populations . Hence, a key issue for contemporary Latin American feminist writers is the importance of tracking the movement of ideas and reminding us that ideas migrate and reconfigure depending on their contexts. The intersection between women’s ideas about resistance and the ideas that could lead to social transformation was not necessarily understood as feminist in its time.

Third and higher generation refers to people born in the 50 states or the District of Columbia with both parents born in the 50 states or the District of Columbia. Second generation refers to people born in the 50 states or the District of Columbia with at least one first-generation, or immigrant, parent. Foreign born refers to persons born outside of the United States to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. For the purposes of this report, foreign born also includes those born in Puerto Rico. Latinx is a term used to describe people who are of or relate to Latin American origin or descent.

In Latin America, Heller notes that this is one of the main difficulties women entrepreneurs have. For this reason, women mainly use their personal savings for entrepreneurship and women progressively participate more in informal investments (Reference Romani, Atienza and Amorós Romani, Atienza, and Amorós 2012).

Women in Latin America and the Caribbean

Six decades later, Dávila and Dueñas’s literary genealogy — not to mention that of Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortázar and José Eustasio Rivera — is alive and well. In Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador and beyond, a conspicuous number of women writers are using fantasy, horror and the unfamiliar to unsettle readers and critique social ills. Each application will be considered based on the particular needs of each business. The conference brings together women from all over Georgia and adjacent states for a day of training, http://03e7ac1.netsolhost.com/wordpressStage/2023/01/15/filipino-families/ motivation, and entertainment where they will gain the tools they need to take bold steps in their personal, emotional, and professional development. Latina immigrant women face great challenges in finding employment when they arrive in the United States.

Access to Credit and Financial Services

Young Hispanics, ages 18 to 29, are among the most likely to have heard of the term – 42% say they have heard of it, compared with 7% of those ages 65 or older. Hispanics with college experience are more likely to be aware of Latinx than those without college experience; about four-in-ten Hispanic college graduates (38%) say they have heard of Latinx, as do 31% of those with some college experience. By comparison, just 14% of those with a high school diploma or less are aware of the term.

However, there are alarming figures in some countries of the region and it might be assumed that violence also affects women entrepreneurs and their leadership. Further studies on gender-based violence are recommended to measure the impact that this could have on women entrepreneurs. In regard to associations, women entrepreneurs are at a disadvantage compared to their male counterparts, since they have less access to associations, information sources, and business formalization. While women do not have lesser entrepreneurial skills than men, they do have less chance of getting the necessary training to develop their companies. In addition, it should be noted that networks structure are different for men and women; women have small networks and these are mainly homogeneous social and family relationships .

Young people took leadership in the streets, with the patient support of the “pioneers” from older generations. New language became common sense, using gender-neutral terms in the highly gendered Spanish language, and specifically speaking of gestating persons, thanks to the struggle of non-binary people and trans men. The movement combined parliamentary lobbying with the autonomous practices of self-organized underground networks that had made abortion possible for many every year with massive and heterogeneous mobilizations in the street. Simultaneously, the Peruvian government is implementing long-term policies to break the cycle of violence for children who fall victim to domestic violence. Programs include aspecial unitthat protects the rights of children orphaned by the murder of their mother, or for survivors that were disabled by the act of violence against them.

The recommendation is to define appropriate programs to enhance women entrepreneurs’ skills and include them in policies and plans for greater impact. Lopez-Acevedo and Tan (Reference Lopez-Acevedo and Tan 2010) show that some entrepreneurship programs in Latin America, in countries such as Peru, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile, had good, positive results in business productivity and growth.

It is organized by ECLAC as Secretariat of the Conference and, since 2020, with the support of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women). States, meanwhile, should track attainment by race and gender against their statewide attainment goals and establish interim metrics and targets for improvement. And investing in need-based scholarship programs that expand pathways to and through college for students of color would go a long way toward boosting access and degree completion. Lastly, since a high percentage of students of color start out at community colleges, states should improve transfer and articulation to smooth the transition between two- and four-year colleges. Gender equality is not a women’s issue; it is an issue for men as much as it is for women. If equality is advanced, it will be better for business, for public policy, for men, for children, for the family, and of course for women as well. A study by McKinsey states that advancing women https://latindate.org/ can add $12 trillion to global growth.